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Entities are unlikely to be extensively tested in isolation. Most methods on entities are simple getters or setters that relate to the persistent state of the entity or to its relationships. Business methods may also appear on entities, but are less common. In many applications, entities are little more than basic JavaBeans. As a rule, property methods do not generally require explicit tests. Verifying that a setter assigns a value to a field and the corresponding getter retrieves the same value is not testing the application so much as the compiler. Unless there is a side effect in one or both of the methods, getters and setters are too simple to break and therefore too simple to warrant testing. Key things to look for in determining whether or not an entity warrants individual testing are side effects from a getter or setter method (such as data transformation or validation rules) and the presence of business methods. The entity shown in Listing 14-1 contains nontrivial logic that warrants specific testing. Listing 14-1. An Entity that Validates and Transforms Data @Entity public class Department { @Id private String id; private String name; @OneToMany(mappedBy="department") private Collection<Employee> employees; public String getId() { return id; } public void setId(String id) { if (id.length() != 4) { throw new IllegalArgumentException( "Department identifiers must be four characters in length"); } this.id = id.toUpperCase(); } } // ...

The JSP controller presented at the beginning of this chapter performed an authorization check before actually executing an action in the if-else block. However, since the eInsure application had multiple controllers, this code was duplicated in all of them. It would be useful if this code were extracted in a common component and applied declaratively, transparent to the controller. This would enhance the application s

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The setId() method both validates the format of the department identifier and transforms the string to uppercase. This type of logic and the fact that setting the identifier can actually cause an exception to be thrown suggests that tests would be worthwhile. Testing this behavior is simply a matter of instantiating the entity and invoking the setter with different values. Listing 14-2 shows one possible set of tests. Listing 14-2. Testing a Setter Method for Side Effects public class DepartmentTest { @Test public void testValidDepartmentId() throws Exception { Department dept = new Department(); dept.setId("NA65"); Assert.assertEquals("NA65", dept.getId()); } @Test public void testDepartmentIdInvalidLength() throws Exception { Department dept = new Department(); try { dept.setId("NA6"); Assert.fail("Department identifiers must be four characters"); } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) { } } @Test public void testDepartmentIdCase() throws Exception { Department dept = new Department(); dept.setId("na65"); Assert.assertEquals("NA65", dept.getId()); }

The Hibernate persistence concepts we talked about in this chapter also largely map to the EJB3 specification. At the time of this writing, the EJB3 specification is not yet released, and Hibernate 3 does not include direct support for the EJB3 javax.persistence.EntityManager interface, which is similar to the Hibernate Session interface. If you would like to code directly to the EJB3 interfaces, support will most likely be found in a version of the JBoss application server. The JBoss application server team worked with the Hibernate team to implement EJB3 using Hibernate as the persistence mechanism in JBoss. For more information about the JBoss/Hibernate/EJB3 integration, visit the JBoss product web page for EJB3 at http:// www.jboss.org/products/ejb3.

The most likely test candidate for entities is not the entity but the application code that uses the entity as part of its business logic. For many applications this means testing session beans, managed beans and other Java EE components. If the entities are obtained or initialized outside the scope of the component, testing is made easy in the sense that the entity class can simply be instantiated, populated with entity data and set into the bean class for testing. When used as a domain object in application code, an entity is no different from any other Java class. You can effectively pretend that it s not an entity at all. Of course, there is more to unit testing a session bean than simply instantiating entities to be used with a business method. We also need to be concerned with the dependencies that the session bean has in order to implement its business logic. These dependencies are usually manifested as fields on the bean class that are populated using a form of dependency injection or dependency lookup.

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